There are three main types of common woolen spinning frames: walking frame spinning frames, spinning frame spinning frames and ring spinning frames. The spinning methods corresponding to these three spinning frames are called frame spinning, spindle spinning and ring spinning respectively. In order to compare the performance of the yarns spun on the three spinning frames, three spun yarns were used: the Italian B6—SEBIGAGLI vertical spindle frame spinning machine, the Italian B5—SEBIGAGLI spindle spinning frame, and the Japanese NKR—75D ring spinning frame. The machine is a representative to test various indicators of the cashmere yarns spun under the same spinning conditions.

The results show that the evenness of the yarn spun by the frame spinning frame and the spindle spinning frame is better than that of the ring spinning frame, but the production efficiency is lower than that of the ring spinning frame. The spinning performance and effects of the three spinning frames are different from each other. When using, these three types of equipment can be used selectively according to the batch size, the quality and variety of customer requirements, and effectively exert their effectiveness to reduce unnecessary maintenance.

Spinning mechanisms vary

The frame spinning frame and the spindle spinning frame are essentially the same. The difference is that when the frame spinning frame is working, the bobbin frame reciprocates. When the frame spinning frame is working, the spindle reciprocates. The spinning mechanism of the frame spinning frame and the spindle spinning frame are the same, but their spinning mechanism is different from that of the ring spinning frame. The main difference is that the spinning machine completes the three main processes of drafting, twisting and winding. In the frame spinning frame and the spindle spinning frame, drafting and twisting are performed in the horizontal direction, and the twisting and winding processes are not performed simultaneously, that is, no winding is performed during twisting, and no twisting is performed during winding. For ring spinning machines, drawing and twisting are basically carried out in the vertical direction, and the three processes of twisting, drawing and winding are carried out at the same time, so their production efficiency is higher.

走架细纱机和走锭细纱机是横向的，其牵伸区较长，通常是通过锭子施加捻度的。锭轴与粗纱平面几乎垂直，但稍稍前倾。在牵伸和加捻过程中，锭子旋转时纱线在锭子顶部滑脱，将捻度加入到粗纱中而不是将粗纱卷到管纱上。有些人认为，这种轻弹作用有助于重新分布捻度，形成有利于牵伸的振动。在工作周期的第一阶段，表面转筒将粗纱从线轴架上输送出去，走车以输送速度后移，同时，锭子旋转加进少量捻度。在走车后移的预设点上，输送罗拉停止，而走车继续后移。这样捻过的粗纱长度开始得到牵伸，同时继续加入捻度。牵伸结束时，锭速增加到最快，加入最后的捻度。随着走车返回到起点，毛纱就卷到了卷装上。在卷绕过程中，张力弓和卷绕弓缚住粗纱，这样，锭子的旋转就可以将捻过的毛纱以一定的成形方式卷绕到管纱上。

走锭纺纱机上较长的牵伸区会有助于更好的牵伸，因为长出部分使牵伸区内可以同时存在更大范围的密度变化。由于加捻牵伸机制是一个竞争机制，因而长的顺差变化可在更长的牵伸区内得到解决。

在环锭纺纱中，纱线的加捻和卷绕步骤是合在一起的。钢领上有一个重量轻的钢丝圈夹在上面，细纱在缠绕到锭子管纱前由此穿过。旋转的细纱带动钢丝圈围绕固定的钢领旋转，因为钢丝圈与钢领之间存在着摩擦，因而钢丝圈比锭子的转速要略慢一些，这样细纱就可卷绕到管纱上。随着锭子的速度加快，钢丝圈与钢领的摩擦增加，纱线上的离心力也随之增加，纱线上的张力也加大。钢丝圈重量的选择必须能使产生的张力超过所有速度下纱线上的离心力，否则，纱线就不会恰当卷绕。如果钢丝圈过重，则高速时张力可能会频繁地超过局部纱线的强度，纱线就会在最细的部位断头。

环锭纺是一个连续的纺纱过程，因而，当锭子转速一致时，其生产效率要比走架细纱机和走锭细纱机高得多，这是因为走架细纱机和走锭细纱机的锭子只是在部分时间纺纱。在毛精纺和棉纺中，走锭细纱机已完全被环锭细纱机和其他一些新型的纺纱设备所取代，如转杯纺纱机和喷气纺纱机等。不过，走锭细纱机在一些传统的粗纺企业中仍然很受欢迎。

粗纺纱与精纺纱相比有着完全不同的品质，具有不同的美感。粗纺纱中纤维不那么平行，纱线也更蓬松，因而可用来加工更蓬松的针织衣物和法兰绒衣物。相比精纺系统，粗纺系统可处理更短的纤维，而且更适应多种纤维混纺，包括与高比例的回收纤维混纺。

纺纱效果各有千秋

根据三种设备的可纺性能，选取了相同品质的山羊绒作为纺纱原料。在同等的工艺条件下，喂入从同机台纺出的同批粗纱，纺制77tex／2山羊绒纱线。对所纺纱线的各项指标测试结果表明：走架细纱机所纺纱线的条干均匀程度最好，走锭细纱的条干略好；在强力方面，走架纺细纱和走锭纺细纱的强力明显优于环锭纺细纱；在捻度方面，走架纺细纱和走锭纺细纱的捻度均匀程度略优于环锭纺细纱；在支数不匀率方面，环锭纺细纱支数不匀率最小，纱线支数均匀程度最好；伸长率方面，走架纺和走锭纺细纱的平均伸长率较大；另外，三者之间回潮率的差距不明显。

这三种纺纱设备所纺纱线性能的差异是由纺纱方式所决定的。因走架细纱机和走锭细纱机牵伸加捻是水平方向，而且无控制区长，加捻的时候不卷绕，卷绕的时候不加捻，捻度在整个纱线上有一个很好的平衡，所以捻度不匀率较好，条干均匀程度较好，从而强力也较好；但是由于牵伸区过长，支数不匀率较环锭细纱差。环锭细纱机牵伸加捻是竖直方向，牵伸通道上有一个假捻器，而且无控制区短，捻度平衡时间短，所以捻度不匀率较差，但支数不匀率比其它两种纺纱设备却好。另一方面，环锭细纱机无控制区短，纱线所受张力相对走锭纱线所受张力要小，其断头相对走锭和走架来说也少。

由于走架纺纱机和走锭纺纱机是间断式工作的，它们比环锭纺纱机的生产率低得多，但研究表明，走架细纱机和走锭细纱机纺出的纱线条干要比环锭细纱机均匀，因而走架细纱机和走锭细纱机在粗纺业仍然很受欢迎。

环锭细纱机卷装大、车速高，相对走架细纱机和走锭细纱机来说产量高。走架和走锭细纱机牵伸区长，纺纱只要不断头，对使用原料的长短不受限制，而环锭细纱机牵伸区短，适合纺纤维短的产品。反映在纱线质量上，环锭细纱比走架和走锭细纱弱环纱相对要多些。

Spinning frame spinning frame, spinning frame and ring spinning frame have different spinning performance and spinning effect. In use, these three types of equipment can be used selectively according to the batch size, the quality and variety required by the customer, to promote the advantages and avoid the shortcomings, to effectively exert its effectiveness and reduce unnecessary maintenance.